NZSCED Detailed Fields of Study Data Services
Detailed Fields of StudyUpdated: Dec-2014
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01 NATURAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES
0101 Mathematical Sciences
010101 Mathematics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to describe number, form, arrangement and associated relationships, using rigorously defined literal, numerical and operational symbols. Principal subject matter includes mathematical logic, set theory, lattices and combinatorics, number theory and field theory, rings and algebras, category theory, K Theory, homological algebra, group theory and generalisations (including topological groups and lie groups), real and complex functions, differential, difference and integral equations, harmonic and Fourier analysis, functional analysis, calculus of variations and control theory, geometry, topology and manifolds, dynamical systems, functions of several complex variables, approximation theory, numerical analysis, operations research, optimisation, systems theory and control, actuarial mathematics, discrete mathematics, linear programming, vector and tensor analysis, metric spaces, graph theory.
010103 Statistics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to analyse management problems using probability theory, distribution theory, mathematical programming, queuing theory, Markov processes, inventory models, simulation, game theory and other mathematical and statistical techniques and models, and to apply appropriate theories and techniques to collecting, describing and interpreting numerical data. Principal subject matter includes probability theory, stochastic analysis and modelling, statistical theory and applied statistics.
010199
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand mathematical sciences not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0101 Mathematical Sciences. Included are, biological mathematics, theory of graduation, continuum mathematics and relativity.
0103 Physics and Astronomy
010301 Physics
Courses that provide or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the physical properties and interactions of matter and energy, including equilibrium, power, wave phenomena, heat, electricity, magnetism, mechanics, sound, light, special relativity and the particular nature of matter. Principal subject matter includes astronomy and astrophysics, cosmic ray physics, theoretical physics, atomic and molecular physics, nuclear and particle physics, condensed matter physics, electronic and magnetic properties, superconductivity, plasmas and electrical discharges, optics and opto-electronic physics, quantum optics and lasers, acoustics and acoustical devices, waves, fluid physics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, electrostatics and electrodynamics, biophysics, medical physics and instruments and techniques.
010303 Astronomy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand celestial bodies, their positions, motions, distances and physical conditions, and their origins and evolution. Principal subject matter includes astrophysics, celestial mechanics, cosmology, gravitation.
0105 Chemical Sciences
010501 Organic Chemistry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the description, properties, reactions and preparations of carbon compounds. Principal subject matter includes aromatic chemistry, end group analysis, free radicals, isomerism, resonance theory, romaticity, stereochemistry, structure and function of enzymes.
010503 Inorganic Chemistry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the description, properties, reactions, and preparation of all the elements and their compounds, with the exception of carbon compounds. Principal subject matter includes catenation, complexion stability constants, crystallography, ionic interactions, multiple bonding, oxidation states, stereochemistries, structural basis of inorganic solids.
010599 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand chemical sciences not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0105 Chemical Sciences. Includes organometallic chemistry, industrial chemistry, and supramolecular chemistry.
0107 Earth Sciences
010701 Atmospheric Sciences
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, climatology (including palaeoclimatology) ionospheric and magnetospheric physics. Includes weather interpretation.
010703 Geology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to analyse the history of the earth and other celestial bodies as recorded in their structure and composition. Principal subject matter includes mineralogy and crystallography, igneous and metamorphic petrology, vulcanology, sedimentology, petroleum geology, ore deposit petrology, structural geology, geotectonics, geochronology, biostratigraphy, other stratigraphy (including sequence stratigraphy), palaeontology, palynology, geomorphology, and glaciology.
010705 Geophysics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand gravity, geomagnetism, electromagnetism, petrophysics, explosion seismology, earthquake seismology, radiometrics and radar techniques.
010707 Geochemistry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand geochronology isotope geochemistry and exploration geochemistry.
010709 Soil Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the origin, classification and mapping of soils, soil structure, nutrient and water absorption, and soil mineralogy. Principal subject matter includes the soil environment, soil nutrient and water supply, soils in the landscape, soil engineering.
010711 Hydrology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand groundwater hydrology, and surface water hydrology.
010713 Oceanography
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand biological oceanography, chemical oceanography and physical oceanography.
010799 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand physical geography and earth sciences not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0107 Earth Sciences.
0109 Biological Sciences
010901 Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the chemistry of living systems and the biological phenomena that result from interactions among these systems, including energy changes. Principal subject matter includes: analytical biochemistry, cell metabolism, protein targeting and signal transduction, membrane biology, cellular interactions (incl. adhesion, matrix, cell wall), cell development (incl. cell division and apoptosis), cell neurochemistry, enzymes, clinical chemistry, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid medical biochemistry, proteins and peptides, phospholipids, molecular structure, and proteomics.
010903 Botany
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand plant systematics, taxonomy and phylogeny, plant physiology, plant pathology and phycology.
010905 Ecology and Evolution
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand freshwater ecology, marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology), terrestrial ecology, landscape ecology, palaeoecology, life histories (incl. population ecology), sociobiology and behavioural ecology, conservation and biodiversity, and biogeography.
010907 Marine Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand marine and estuarine wildlife. Principal subject matter includes marine and estuarine biology, marine and estuarine ecology, marine and estuarine geology.
010909 Genetics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand gene expression, genome structure, population and ecological genetics, anthropological genetics, genetic development (incl. sex determination), genetic immunology, quantitative genetics, molecular evolution, meiosis and recombination, neurogenetics.
010911 Microbiology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses, protist, protozoans and certain fungi. Principal subject matter includes: bacteriology, archaebacteriology, virology, infectious agents, mycology, microbial genetics, microbial ecology, microbial systematics, taxonomy and phylogeny, microbiology not classified elsewhere, medical bacteriology, medical virology, medical infection agents (incl. prions), medical mycology, medical parasitology, and medical microbiology not elsewhere classified.
010913 Human Biology
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand human biology including processes such as respiration, circulation, digestion, excretion and reproduction. Principal subject matter includes physiology and anatomy, biophysics, cell systems, comparative physiology, human biophysics, cell physiology, systems physiology, anatomy and physiology not classified elsewhere.
010915 Zoology
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the structure, growth, reproduction, heredity, evolution, behaviour and distribution of animals. Principal subject matter includes animal systematics, taxonomy and phylogeny, neurobiology and parasitology, animal anatomy and histology, and invertebrate biology.
010916 Neuroscience
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand nerve cells, nervous systems and behaviour. Principal subject matter includes autonomic nervous system, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cellular nervous system, and sensory systems.
010999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand biological sciences not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0109 Biological Sciences. Includes global change biology, allergy, bioinformatics, biological sciences not classified elsewhere
0199 Other Natural and Physical Sciences
019901 Medical Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand physics, biology and chemistry as applied to the study of medicine. Principal subject matter includes physics, biology and chemistry associated with human physiology and health and biomedical science.
019903 Forensic Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply scientific theories, practices and applications in the analysis of material for legal purposes.
Exclusion: Forensic psychiatry is in Detailed Field 060105 Psychiatry.
019905 Food Science and Biotechnology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the physical and chemical nature of foods and beverages, and the use of living organisms in food, drugs or other products. Principal subject matter includes food analysis, heat treatment, hygiene, microbiology, nutrition, preservation, fermentation, use of enzymes, fungi and bacteria, wine production and wine evaluation.
019907 Pharmacology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the classification, uses and effects of drugs. Principal subject matter includes the effect of drugs in clinical use, testing and analysing drugs to determine identity, purity and strength.
019909 Laboratory Technology
Courses that prepare individuals with skills required to work in medical diagnostic, research and other laboratories. Principal subject matter includes biochemistry, microbiology, haematology, transfusion science, histopathology, scientific concepts and technical laboratory skills, communication, clinical practice and supervision.
019999 Natural and Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply scientific theories and methods in the natural and physical sciences not classified elsewhere in Broad Field 01 Natural and Physical Sciences.
02 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
0201 Computer Science
020101 Formal Language Theory
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the study of the kinds of formal computer languages (eg regular or context-free) and the algorithms used to recognise them. Principal subject matter includes computer language representation, computer language limitations and computer language recognition.
020103 Computer Applications and Programming
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to write coded instructions for computers to perform particular tasks and to develop computer applications. Principal subject matter includes iterative and recursive processes, program development and sorting techniques, applications programming, designing a computer application, developing a web based application, software development/design.
020105 Computational Theory
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to solve problems, using efficient algorithms, and to identify problems that are unsolvable. Principal subject matter includes topics with a main focus on problem solving.
020107 Compiler Construction
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the theories and techniques for the translation of instructions between high and low level computer languages. Principal subject matter includes syntax analysis, syntax specification and code generation.
020109 Algorithms
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply processes or rules used for calculation or problem solving. Principal subject matter includes algorithm design, algorithm analysis and algorithm application.
020111 Data Structures
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the arrangement of data to support particular operations. Principal subject matter includes array, linked list, binary tree, B-tree, hash, table, heap adjacency matrix.
020113 Networks and Communications
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to link computers for communication and distribution purposes. Principal subject matter includes network organisation, network protocol, network architectures, local area networks.
020115 Multimedia Computing Science
020117 Operating Systems
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the design and construction of systems to control processes and process scheduling. Principal subject matter includes concurrency and synchronisation, memory management, file systems.
020119 Artificial Intelligence
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to program computers to modify behaviour in response to varying situations and requirements, and past experience. Principal subject matter includes searching, problem solving, expert systems, intelligent agents, natural language processing, neural networks, data mining, computer vision, machine learning.
020199 Computer Science not elsewhere classified
Computer Science not elsewhere classified is the study of all computer science not included elsewhere in Narrow Field 0201 Computer Science, such as computer architecture.
0203 Information Systems
020301 Conceptual Modelling
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the representation of the structure, type, and relationships of data items within a system used to support system design. Principal subject matter includes entity relationship modelling.
020303 Database Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the method, and control, of access to stored data. Principal subject matter includes object oriented databases, distributed databases, logic based databases.
020305 Systems Analysis and Design
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the components of systems and the information flows between them. Principal subject matter includes identifying system components, general systems theory, systems engineering, testing and maintenance, systems design, software engineering.
020307 Decision Support Systems
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the design of information systems to support management decisions. The systems provide answers to 'what if' scenarios based on statistical and mathematical models. Principal subject matter includes the utilisation of appropriate models, query capabilities.
020399 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified is the study of all information systems not included elsewhere in Narrow Field 0203 Information Systems.
0299 Other Information Technology
029901 Security Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand information security in the computer environment. Principal subject matter includes data security, system security.
029999 Information Technology not elsewhere classified
Information Technology not elsewhere classified is the study of all information technology not included elsewhere in Broad Field 02 Information Technology. Includes network administration and systems administration/support.
03 Engineering and Related Technologies
0301 Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology
030101 Manufacturing Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand robotics and mechatronics, flexible manufacturing systems, manufacturing CAD, CAM systems, control engineering.
030103 Printing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and utilise printing technology, printing and packaging engineering, printing operations, graphic reproduction, binding and finishing, composing/type setting, graphic pre-press, packaging printing, photographic imaging, mini lab and professional laboratory processing, reel-fed, screen and sheet-fed printing.
030105 Textile Making
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to utilise textile technology, including its use in carpet manufacturing, yarn manufacturing and processing, knitting, warp knitting, canvas fabrication and sail making, dyeing and finishing, weaving and wool scouring, and woolskin processing.
030107 Garment Making
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to undertake apparel cutting and sewing, including leather garment manufacture.
030108 Plastics Processing Technology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge used in the manufacturing and processing of plastics. Principal subject matter may include blow moulding, blown film extrusion, plastic extrusion, film conversion, film slitting, injection moulding, thermoforming (including vacuum thermoforming and pressure thermoforming).
030109 Footwear Making
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to design, construct and repair shoes, boots and other forms of footwear. Principal subject matter includes clicking, foot anatomy, grading and tanning, measurement and fitting, pattern design, cutting and stock fitting.
030111 Wood Machining and Turning
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply machining and turning technologies in the production of wood products.
030113 Cabinet Making
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge required in the design, construction and repair of furniture.
030115 Furniture Upholstery and Renovation
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge required for furniture upholstery, finishing and renovation, bed and bedding manufacture and laminate fabrication.
030117 Furniture Polishing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to prepare and polish different timber furniture surfaces using a number of techniques. Principal subject matter includes furniture stripping, French polishing, colour matching.
030199 Manufacturing Engineering and Technology not elsewhere classified.
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge used in manufacturing, engineering and technology not included elsewhere in Narrow Field 0301 Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology.
0303 Process and Resources Engineering
030301 Chemical Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the theories and practices of chemical processes, heat and mass transfer, the behaviour of liquids and gases to physical and chemical-physical operations. Principal subject matter usually includes chemical engineering design, process control and simulation, membrane and separation.
030303 Mining and Resources Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply techniques and procedures to the location and appraisal of mineral deposits and to design equipment and operational processes for extracting such deposits. Principal subject matter includes mining engineering, mineral processing, gas and petrochemical industry engineering, reservoir engineering, geomechanics.
030304 Wood Based Manufacturing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge used in the production, manufacturing and processing of wood-based products. Principal subject matter includes pulp and paper making, corrugated and solid board manufacturing and converting, the manufacture of hardboard and insulating board, laminated veneer, lumber and plywood manufacturing, the manufacture of medium density fibreboard, particle board, plywood and wood panels.
030305 Materials Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to develop and control processes for extracting metals from their ores, metal refining and manufacturing and processing metals and alloys, application of metals and alloys for practical use. Principal subject matter includes some of the following: extraction metallurgy, mineral processing, hydrometallurgy, structure of metals, electro-chemistry, mineral beneficiation, mechanical metallurgy, corrosion, and steel production.
030306 Ceramics, Industrial Glass and Rubber Manufacturing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to develop and control processes for producing ceramics, industrial glass and rubber from raw materials. Principal subject matter includes analysing the structure, composition and properties of ceramics, industrial glass and rubber, developing techniques for producing and processing the materials, materials testing.
030307 Food (excluding Seafood) Processing Technology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the industrial processing of food and related products. They include the production of beverages, confectionery, tobacco, edible oils and fats, frozen products, processing fruit and vegetables, milling and baking.
030308 Seafood Processing
Courses that prepare of develop further the abilities of individuals to undertake seafood processing and seafood inspection. They include seafood processing on board fishing vessels and ashore.
030399 Process and Resources Engineering not elsewhere classified
Process and Resources Engineering not elsewhere classified is the study of all process and resources engineering not included elsewhere in the Narrow Field 0303 Process and Resources Engineering.
0305 Automotive Engineering and Technology
030501 Automotive Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and undertake the design, development and testing of motor vehicles, earth moving equipment, small engines and their components. Principal subject matter focuses on applying the theory and practice of engineering mathematics and science in relation to automotive practice, interpreting and applying standards to the design of motor vehicles and components, testing and evaluating vehicle performance and safety.
030503 Vehicle Mechanics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to install, maintain and repair, automotive mechanics, automotive fuel systems, automotive transmissions, automotive brake systems, steering and suspension systems, exhaust systems, vehicle hydraulics and pneumatics, radiator, chassis and frame repair, engine assembly, and automotive air conditioning. They also cover automotive fitting and turning, engine tuning and general workshop engineering.
030505 Automotive Electrics and Electronics
Courses to prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to install, maintain and repair electrical wiring and electronic components in motor vehicles, earth moving equipment and small engines.
030507 Automotive Vehicle Refinishing
030509 Automotive Body Construction
Courses to prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to undertake motor vehicle assembly, including coach building, tractor and machine body systems.
030511 Panel Beating
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to undertake the maintenance and repair of vehicle body work.
030513 Upholstery and Vehicle Trimming
Courses to prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to make, install, repair and replace the interior trimmings and upholstery of vehicles, including cars, boats, aircraft and railway carriages.
030515 Automotive Vehicle Operations
030599 Automotive Engineering and Technology not elsewhere classified
Courses to prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to undertake automotive engineering not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0305 Automotive Engineering and Technology.
0307 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Technology
030701 Mechanical Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply techniques and procedures to design, construct and maintain the whole range of mechanical equipment and related systems, including production machinery, energy-conversion devices, materials handling equipment and vehicles. Principal subject matter content usually includes some of the following: thermo-dynamics, fluid dynamics, machine design, electro-mechanical energy conversions, stress analysis, thermal power generation, heating and air-conditioning, system dynamics, internal combustion engines, plastics and fibreglass design and construction, aerodynamics.
030703 Industrial Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply organisational, management and engineering principles to the development of integrated systems of people, equipment and materials for the purposes of improving production processes. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: manufacturing processes, industrial organisation, work analysis and measurement, project analysis and control, production planning and control.
030705 Toolmaking
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to produce components using engineering drilling, milling, surface grinding, boring, and turning operations. Principal subject matter includes metal surface finishing, turning, toolmaking and machining.
030707 Metal Fitting, Turning and Machining
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to set up machining tools, production machines and textile machines, operate machining tools and machines to shape metal stock and castings, and fit and assemble the fabricated metal parts into products. Principal subject matter usually includes metal fitting, machining including turning, gear cutting, milling and computer controlled machining, assembling and fitting parts and sub-assemblies, setting up and operating machine tools to shape metal stocks, reading and interpreting blueprints and job specification cards in order to determine suitable materials, methods and sequences of operation and machine settings.
030709 Sheetmetal Working
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to use the knowledge, skills and techniques of fabrication to make, install, maintain and repair sheet-metal products.
030711 Boiler-making and Welding
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to cut, weld and repair metal parts using spot and arc welding technologies.
030713 Metal Casting and Pattern Making
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to produce, finish and repair metal castings, metal mounds and cores.
030715 Precision Metalworking
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to design, fabricate, assemble, maintain and repair precision instruments using hand tools, measuring and calibrating instruments, and magnifying aids. Included are engraving on fine metal work and jewellery, making and repairing saw blades, repairing parts and sub-assemblies of locks, timepieces and small arms.
030717 Plant and Machine Operations
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in setting up, controlling and monitoring mobile or stationary plant and equipment either directly or by remote control. Principal subject matter includes setting-up, controlling and monitoring the operation of equipment to ensure its safe and efficient functioning, fitting attachments to equipment, cleaning, lubricating and maintaining equipment, repairing minor defects in equipment.
030799 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering & Technology not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to conceive, analyse, design, and test mechanical and industrial engineering and technology not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0307 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Technology.
0309 Civil Engineering
030901 Construction Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the study of constructing buildings and infrastructure, underground structures and quarry operations. Principal subject matter usually includes airport engineering, roads and bridges, underground construction and tunnelling.
030903 Structural Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the form, behaviour, durability and available technology of materials for the erection of structures. Principal subject matter includes analysis of strength, serviceability and durability of structural systems, material behaviour, solid mechanics, statical properties of structures, structural erection techniques, structural loading.
030905 Building Services Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the study of developing infrastructure aimed at enhancing human comfort through controlling heat, light and sound in built environment. Principal subject matter usually includes: development of secure access systems for buildings, environmental comfort in buildings, fire resistant materials engineering, thermal, visual and acoustical environment in buildings, transportation within buildings (lifts), ventilation and air-conditioning in built structures.
030907 Water and Sanitary Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to conceive, analyse, design, test and construct water resource and conveyance systems, including hydraulic engineering, water supply and sewerage construction, pollution control systems, and water treatment systems.
030909 Transport Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to plan efficient transport systems and understand the interaction between transport systems and urban development. Principal subject matter includes evaluation of cost, capacity and equity of transportation networks, planning, design and operation of transport facilities, public transport systems, traffic operations and control, collecting traffic data including speed, volume and capacity.
030910 Road Construction
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to construct, maintain and repair macadamised and metal roading surfaces, including the use of asphalt and bitumen.
030911 Geotechnical Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand foundation analysis and design, slope analysis and soil mechanics. Principal subject matter includes earth and rock slope analysis, failure in soil, geotechnical investigations and orientation, geotechnical practical skills, managing earth pressure in engineering projects.
030913 Ocean Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the design of floating, fixed and sub-sea off shore systems. Principal subject matter includes engineering mechanics, ocean science, hydrostatics.
030999 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to conceive, analyse, design, and test civil engineering not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0309 Civil Engineering.
0311 Geomatic Engineering
031101 Surveying
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to determine and identify the shape, contour, location and dimensions of land or water masses and their features. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: surveying, surveying engineering, photogrammetry, hydrology and hydrography, astronomy, and geodetic surveying.
031103 Mapping Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to plan and design maps. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: cartography, geography and geology for cartography, technical photography, photogrammetric mapping, environmental mapping, thermatic cartography, and geographic information systems.
031199 Geomatic Engineering not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand geomatic engineering not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0311 Geomatic Engineering.
0313 Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Technology
031301 Electrical Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply fundamental theory, techniques and procedures to the design and construction of the whole range of electrical facilities and equipment. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: electro-magnetic theory, electric networks and systems, electro-mechanical energy conversions and electric mechanics, power systems, electric measurement, control systems, servo-mechanisms.
031303 Electronic Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in planning, designing, developing and maintaining electronic equipment, machinery and systems including equipment for communication, navigation, entertainment and power generation. Principal subject matter usually includes designing electronic components and systems, preparing and interpreting specifications, drawings and regulations, analysing the performance of electronic systems.
031305 Computer Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to design, develop and supervise the manufacture, testing, installation, maintenance and modification of computer hardware, including electronic components, equipment and systems. Principal subject matter usually includes arithmetic and logic structures, memory structures, input, output and data devices, logic design, processor architectures.
031307 Communications Technologies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and utilise the theories of communication technologies. Principal subject matter usually includes antenna technology, optical and photonic systems, digital systems, computer communications networks, microwave and millimetrewave technology, broadband network technology, modem technology, base-band technology, satellite communications.
031309 Communications Equipment Installation and Maintenance
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individual to install, test, maintain and repair electrical communications and telecommunications equipment and radar electronics, including marine navigational aids.
031311 Power Line Installation and Maintenance
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to install, test, maintain, and repair electrical installations, including electrical cables, electrical conductors, switchboards and electrical control components.
031313 Electrical Fitting, Electrical Mechanics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to install, maintain, diagnose faults in and repair electrical wiring and equipment in domestic, commercial and industrial establishments, ships and trains. Principal subject matter usually includes tracing and diagnosing faults in electrical circuits and appliances, examining and interpreting blueprints, wiring diagrams and specifications, replacing defective components and reassembling electrical units, installing, maintaining and repairing electrical wiring systems and fittings including light switches, switchboards and earthing systems, testing circuit continuity using a variety of instruments to ensure electrical compatibility and safety.
031315 Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to assemble, manufacture, install, test, maintain and repair industrial, commercial and residential refrigeration, heating and air ventilation systems, including air conditioning systems and ducted and piped systems.
031317 Electronic Equipment Servicing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to maintain, diagnose faults in and repair computers, radio and television receivers, audio, video, and other electronic equipment. Principal subject matter usually includes reading and interpreting circuit diagrams, wiring, installing and testing electronic equipment, diagnosing and locating faults, and replacing and repairing faulty components.
031399 Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Technology not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and utilise electrical, electronic engineering, computer hardware, and communications technologies not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0313 Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Technology, Included are courses in electrical standards and statutes.
0315 Aerospace Engineering and Technology
031501 Aerospace Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the design, construction, and installation of the structural aspects of aircraft, space vehicles and associated power units, including special programs of flight in both the earth's atmosphere and space, and the launching, guidance and control of missiles, earth satellites, and space vehicles and probes. Principal subject matter includes aerodynamics, flight dynamics, aerospace structures, aircraft performance, flight control systems, aerospace electrical systems, satellite, space vehicle and missile design, and propulsion technology.
031503 Aircraft Maintenance Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge of aircraft maintenance engineering (mechanical), aircraft maintenance engineering (structures), aircraft maintenance engineering (avionics), aeronautical maintenance, machining, armament, non-destructive testing, aeronautical document production, aeronautical engineering planning, production control, quality assurance, aeronautical technical support, mechanical maintenance, repair and overhaul, painting, power plant maintenance repair and overhaul, servicing, structures, helicopter and avionics.
031505 Aircraft Operation
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and undertake aircraft operations. Principal subject matter includes piloting aircraft, flight, aerodynamics, control system and practical flying training, aeronautical transportation and aircrew training, flight attendant training, baggage handling, refuelling and airport terminal and tarmac services.
031507 Air Traffic Control
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to control air traffic, aircraft routes, take-off and landing procedures from an air traffic control tower or on the ground in a commercial airport or airfield.
031599 Aerospace Engineering and Technology not elsewhere classified
Aerospace Engineering and Technology not elsewhere classified is the study of all aerospace engineering and technology not included elsewhere in the narrow field 0315 Aerospace Engineering and Technology.
0317 Maritime Engineering and Technology
031701 Maritime Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply engineering principles and techniques to the design, construction, installation, maintenance and operation of engineering components and equipment operating on or in the water. Principal subject matter includes ship and platform hydrodynamics, ship and platform structures, marine and ocean engineering, and special vehicles.
031703 Marine Construction
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply design theories, principles and techniques for the design, construction, maintenance and repair of vehicles and equipment operating on or in the water, including boat building and marine architecture.
031705 Marine Craft Operation
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to operate and navigate ships, and their communication systems. Principal subject matter includes directing the movement of vessels and the stowage and discharge of cargoes, determining the vessel's position using electronic and non-electronic navigational aids, directing and supervising ships' officers and deck crew in the performance of their duties, communicating with ships and shore stations using radio or semaphore, maintaining ships' equipment, cargo gear, rigging, life-saving and fire-fighting equipment, keeping watch at sea and in port to ensure safety, recording vessels' progress, crew's activities, weather and sea conditions, marine crew training.
031799 Maritime Engineering and Technology not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the theories, principles and techniques of marine engineering not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0317 Maritime Engineering and Technology.
0399 Other Engineering and Related Technologies
039901 Environmental Engineering
039902 Orthotics and Prosthetics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and practise orthotic and prosthetic therapies and technologies, to develop artificial limbs and corrective or therapeutic devices.
039903 Biomedical Engineering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and utilise clinical engineering, rehabilitation engineering, biomaterials, and biomechanical engineering.
039905 Fire Technology and Rescue Services
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand fire and use fire fighting equipment and techniques. Principal subjects include fire detection, suppression and prevention, the use, management and maintenance of fire fighting equipment, fire fighting techniques.
039907 Rail Operations
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and demonstrate knowledge of the operation of trains and railway station and yard operations.
039909 Cleaning
Courses that prepare or develop further the ability of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge and skills required to undertake caretaking, cleaning, laundering, dry-cleaning, carpet and textile cleaning and window cleaning operations.
039999 Engineering and Related Technologies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and utilise engineering and related technologies not classified elsewhere in Broad Field 3 Engineering and Related Technologies. Included are fluidisation and fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer operations, turbulent flows, nanotechnology and engineering.
04 ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING
0401 Architecture and Urban Environment
040101 Architecture
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to design, alter, adapt, conserve and preserve buildings. Also included are courses in architectural history. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: principles of architectural design, structural design and theory, architectural drawing, building drawing, architectural drafting including CAD, architectural graphics, architectural technologies, building methods, materials and assemblies, building services, and project management.
040103 Urban Design and Regional Planning
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to plan, and to apply the planning process to, the development of urban and rural areas, taking account of function, aesthetic sensitivity, technology, and social, psychological and economic well-being. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following; principles of urban planning, urban transport, regional and metropolitan planning and development, environmental principles, environmental assessment, and regional resource planning.
040105 Landscape Architecture
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply design processes to human made structures and objects and animate and inanimate natural materials in the landscape with the object of synthesising functional relationships, human behaviour, ecology and land form, construction technology and aesthetic sensitivity. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: history of landscape architecture, landscape design, earth grading, drainage, irrigation systems, landscape graphics, plant design, selected studies in structural architecture, and selected horticultural studies.
040107 Interior and Environmental Design
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to plan and design the interior environments of houses, offices, factories and other buildings. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: building process, materials and techniques, space organisation, aesthetics, furniture design, interior and environmental CAD and mass production.
040199 Architecture and Urban Environment not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand heritage and conservation, and architecture and urban environment not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0401 Architecture and Urban Environment.
0403 Building
040301 Building Science and Technology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to assist architects and engineers in planning and designing structures and buildings, testing materials, constructing and inspecting buildings, construction technology, model building and design estimating.
040303 Building Construction Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to assist architects and engineers to manage building construction. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: building economics, building construction costing, building law, and building organisation.
040305 Building Surveying (Inspection)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to assess the condition of buildings to ensure compliance with plans, specification and regulations and that proper techniques and materials have been used. Principal subject matter usually includes topics with a main focus on building assessment, building codes and standards, certification codes and practice.
040307 Building Construction Economics (including Quantity Surveying)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to estimate quantities of materials and total costs involved in building and construction. Principal subject matter usually includes analysing architectural and engineering drawings, specifications and tenders in order to estimate costs at the planning stage of the building process, advising on costs of alternative construction materials and methods, and on alternative, contractual arrangements.
040309 Bricklaying and Stonemasonry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to lay and join bricks, stone and building blocks, to construct and repair all types of masonry structures, as well as equipment such as industrial ovens, furnaces, kilns and smelters, to cut and shape stone blocks ready for laying and joining, to inscribe masonry. Principal subject matter usually includes bricklaying techniques, arch construction, glass block construction, stone inscription methods, stone renovation.
040311 Carpentry and Joinery
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in carpentry skills including aluminium joinery, door and window joinery, stairs and trade skills, and joinery machining.
040313 Ceiling, Wall and Floor Fixing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to clad internal and external surfaces with tiles, timber or other cladding. Principal subject matter includes the installation, maintenance and repair of interiors and flooring and the use of fibrous cement.
040315 Roof Fixing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to cover structures with roof tiles, shingles and other materials to form a waterproof surface. Principal subject matter usually includes slate, shingle, concrete and metal tiles, roofing cladding, flashings and gutters.
040317 Plastering
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to fix fibrous sheets and apply plaster, cement-based and similar materials to ceilings, interior and exterior walls of buildings, to make plasterboard and plaster mouldings. Principal subject matter usually includes fibrous plasterwork, rendering and moulding, decorative finishing.
040319 Furnishing Installation
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to make, install, maintain and repair, curtains, blinds, awnings and other soft furnishings.
040321 Floor Coverings
040323 Glazing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to install, maintain and repair flat and decorative glass. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following window glazing, mirror fixing, lead lighting, glass decoration, windscreen glazing.
040325 Painting, Decorating, Sign Writing and Other Finishes
040327 Plumbing, Gasfitting and Drainlaying
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to install, maintain and repair, for use in commercial or residential properties, plumbing, water supply systems, gas fired appliances and equipment, gas supply systems, water and gas meters, drainage systems, effluent disposal systems and drains.
040329 Scaffolding and Rigging
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to erect and dismantle modular scaffolding and rigging and use related equipment. Principal subject matter usually includes suspended scaffolds, mast climbers, safety nets and static lines, formwork and props.
040399 Building not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in building skills, including general construction site skills, not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0403 Building.
05 AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND RELATED STUDIES
0501 Agriculture
050101 Agricultural Science
Courses that integrate the disciplines that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply scientific theories, principles and practices to the production and management of plants and animals for food and fibre. They include recreational, aesthetic or ornamental purposes, and animal and arable farming products.
050103 Wool and Fibre Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the structure and classification of wool.
050104 Beekeeping
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge in pollination, production of honey and other bee products, practical bee handling and management.
050105 Animal Husbandry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the intensive management of animals, their handling, care, breeding and rearing, animal health inspection. Principal subject matter includes applying artificial breeding techniques to the improvement of animal production, supervising animal breeding programmes, applying knowledge in the care and training of horses including equine health, identifying environmental factors affecting flock and herd health and productivity, providing for the day to day needs of animals including hygiene and nutrition.
050106 Crop Production
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the relevant theories, principles and appropriate technical skills to the production and management of plants (including grains and seeds) for food, feed, fibre and recreational, aesthetic or ornamental purposes. Principal subject matter usually includes agricultural breeding (including grains, seeds and crops), agricultural reproduction, growth and development, plant nutrition, plant improvement (selection, breeding and genetic engineering), agronomy, and post-harvest technologies (transportation and storage).
050108 Equine Trades
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge of saddlery, equine training, and farriery.
050110 Wool and Fibre Harvesting
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge, skills and techniques of harvesting wool products from animals. Principal subject areas including shearing, grooming, wool and fibre harvesting and wool handling.
050112 General Land Skills
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge of general land skills, including fencing.
050199 Agriculture not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge of agricultural-based activities not elsewhere classified.
0503 Horticulture and Viticulture
050301 Horticulture
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to produce, and manage the production of, fruit, vegetables, flowers, nursery plants, shrubs and trees used principally for food, fibre, ornamental, recreational and aesthetic purposes. Principal subject matter usually includes some of plant breeding, selection and genetic engineering, plant nutrition, pests and diseases, post-harvest technologies, horticultural engineering and reticulation systems, arboriculture, floriculture, greenhouse operation and management, landscaping, nursery and orchard operation and management, turf management, sports turf management, organic growing principles and practices, hydroponics, aeroponics and amenity horticulture.
050303 Viticulture
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to make wine, including the production and processing of grapes and the management of wine making enterprises. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: soils and nutrition, climatology and soils, viticulture, vine physiology, and vine management.
0505 Forestry Studies
050501 Forestry Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to establish, cultivate, harvest and manage forests, including the production, protection and management of timber and speciality forest crops, the selection and grading of forest raw materials, and the utilisation of forest lands for multiple purposes such as game preserves and recreation. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: silviculture, nutrition and physiology, tree improvement (selection, breeding and genetic engineering), tree health (pests and diseases), forest management and environment, agroforestry, forest nursery, forest establishment, forest tending, forest harvesting, forest health protection, product quarantine, inventory, forestry operations, safety management, technical forestry and chainsaw operation.
050502 Solid Wood Processing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge, skills and techniques of wood processing. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: wood science, wood technology, saw doctoring, saw milling, timber grading, timber machining, timber remanufacture, wood drying and wood preservation.
0507 Fisheries Studies
050701 Aquaculture
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand breeding, rearing, harvesting, handling and processing of fish and other edible aquatic resources. Principal subject matter usually includes the principles of aquaculture production, feeding and maintaining stock, stocking and sampling fisheries.
050702 Seafood Harvesting (Fishing)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the skills and techniques of seafood harvesting operations on inland waterways and ocean-going seafood vessels.
050799 Fisheries Studies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand physiology and genetics of marine animals, pests and diseases, aquacultural sciences, stock assessment, and evaluation of fisheries management strategies.
0509 Environmental Studies
050901 Land, Parks and Wildlife Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply a broad range of practical skills and knowledge in the area of wildlife and park management. Principal subject matter usually includes land and parks and wildlife habitat management, sustainable development, land and parks management not classified elsewhere.
050902 Environmental Sustainability
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand environmental sustainability concepts, issues and responses, and the measurement of progress toward environmental sustainability. Principal subject matter usually includes the ways in which issues such as native species habitat loss, pollution, climate change and local environmental impacts may be avoided by measures such as reducing the use of physical resources, recycling, use of renewable resources, environmentally sustainable production processes and the protection and restoration of natural habitats and environments.
050999 Environmental Studies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand environmental studies not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0509 Environmental Studies. Included are: methods of controlling sources of environmental pollutants, planning and developing environmental research models, collecting, identifying and analysing pollution data to determine effects on the environment, environmental management and rehabilitation, natural resource management, environmental impact assessment, and conservation studies.
0599 Other Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies
059901 Pest and Weed Control
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand plant protection (pests, diseases and weeds), animal protection (pests and pathogens), and urban pest management including the application of agrichemicals and fertilisers.
059999 Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand agricultural, environmental and related studies not classified elsewhere in Broad Field 05 Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies.
06 HEALTH
0601 Medical Studies
060101 General Medicine
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the principles and procedures used in the observation, diagnosis, care and treatment of illness, disease, injury, deformity or other anomalies in humans and to qualify and register as medical practitioners.
060103 Surgery
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as general medical practitioners, general surgeons or to practice as specialists.
060105 Psychiatry
Course that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to diagnose and treat mental illness and practice as psychiatrists. Included is the practise of forensic psychiatry.
060107 Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as obstetricians and/or gynaecologists and/or in the field of foetal development and medicine.
060109 Paediatrics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as paediatricians. They involve preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases and uncommon disorders in children and adolescents. Principal subject matter usually includes the following topics: child growth and development, child and adolescent diseases, neonatology.
060111 Anaesthesiology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as medical practitioners and to practice as anaesthetists.
060113 Pathology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as pathologists.
060115 Radiology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as radiologists in the field of radiology and organ imaging, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine.
060117 Internal Medicine
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as specialists in the fields of cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases), endocrinology, gastroenterology and hepatology, geriatrics and gerontology, haematology, infectious diseases, medical genetics, intensive care, nephrology and urology, neurology and neuromuscular diseases, oncology and carcinogenesis, paediatrics, respiratory diseases, rheumatology and arthritis, or any other specialist field of internal medicine.
060119 General Practice Medicine
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as general medical practitioners providing primary and continuing medical care to patients in a community setting. Primary subject matter includes simple surgical procedures; dealing with medical emergencies; diagnosis; prescribing and administering medications; primary, personal and continuing medical care.
060199 Medical Studies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand medical studies not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0601 Medical Studies. Included are dermatology, otorhinolaryngology, reproduction, venereology.
0603 Nursing
060301 Nursing
Courses that prepare individuals to provide care for the sick or disabled of all ages and to register and practice as registered nurses. They include administering medications and treatments, and planning education for health maintenance and health promotion. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: nursing techniques and procedures, anatomy and physiology, psychiatric nursing, paediatric nursing, obstetrical nursing, geriatric nursing, and public health nursing.
060303 Midwifery
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as midwifes. Principal subjects may include midwifery techniques and practices, anatomy and physiology and the care of pre-natal and post-natal mothers and infants in a variety of settings.
060308 Health Care Assistant
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to provide basic care to the ill or disabled and to provide health promotion services under the guidance or supervision of a registered nurse or other health professional.
060399 Nursing not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand nursing not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0603 Nursing.
0605 Pharmacy
060501 Pharmacy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to register as a pharmacist and to procure, store and prepare drugs, to analyse the therapeutic and toxic effect of drugs, to recommend and dispense drugs, medicines and devices used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease. Principal subject matter includes pharmaceutical sciences and pharmacy, basic pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, toxicology (including clinical toxicology), and pharmaceutical practice.
0607 Dental Studies
060701 Dentistry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to register and practise as registered dental surgeons and to practise the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the teeth, gums, jaws and oral cavity and related parts, including the restoration and maintenance of oral function by the replacement of missing teeth and other oral structures. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: general dentistry, oral anatomy and physiology, oral pathology, general and local anaesthesia, oral surgical procedures, endodontics, orthodontics, paedodontics, periodontics, and practice management.
060704 Dental Hygiene and Therapy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to provide dental care and dental health education services to individuals and community health programmes, and to assist individuals to overcome oral functional problems. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: dental technology, clinical dentistry, preventive dentistry, histology, oral microbiology, oral therapeutics, oral pathology, and physiology.
060705 Dental Technology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to practise as dental technicians. Principal subject areas may include the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the teeth, gums, jaws and oral cavity and related parts, and the construction of bridges, plates, dentures, dental crowns.
060799 Dental Studies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and practise dentistry not elsewhere classified in Detailed Field 0607Dental Studies.
0609 Optical Science
060901 Optometry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to qualify and register as optometrists, that is, to test vision, determine defects and prescribe corrective measures. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: histology, ocular anatomy, biochemistry, physiological optometry, ocular pharmacology, neuro-physiology of vision, function disorders of vision, diseases of the eye, and ophthalmic prosthetics.
060903 Optical Technology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and use the technologies used in the determination and correction of deficiencies in an individual's vision so as to practice as optical technicians.
060999 Optical Science not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand optometry not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0609 Optical Science.
0611 Veterinary Studies
061101 Veterinary Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to diagnose and treat animal diseases and injuries, to prevent the spread of animal diseases, and to gain registration as veterinary surgeons. Principal subject matter includes veterinary medicine, anaesthesiology and intensive care, epidemiology, immunology, anatomy and physiology, pathology, microbiology (excluding virology), parasitology, radiology and imaging, virology, surgery, pharmacology, biochemistry, animal nutrition and management, animal behaviour and welfare, meat hygiene, public health, animal genetics and breeding, theriogenology, animal health, wildlife health and disease.
061103 Veterinary Assisting
Courses that prepare of develop further the abilities of individuals to assist in animal nursing care, health promotion, treatment and prevention of illness, disease and injury. They include the care, handling and training of domesticated and captive wild animals, and the care and handling of laboratory animals.
061199 Veterinary Studies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand veterinary studies not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0611 Veterinary Studies.
0613 Public Health
061301 Occupational Health and Safety
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the theories and knowledge required to evaluate health and safety issues in the work place, and to apply corrective and preventative strategies and practices in occupational environments. Principal subjects may include hazardous substances, noise assessment and control, environmental health practice, public health engineering, occupational safety and health legislation, pollution and occupational health and safety.
061303 Environmental Health
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the study of the health impact of the interaction between humans and the environment. Principal subject matter includes topics with a main focus on the effect of environmental pollution on health.
061304 Hauora (Maori Health)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to explain, analyse and research the health of Maori people in Aotearoa New Zealand, and apply and promote models, strategies, practices and techniques in hauora contexts.
061307 Health Education, Promotion, Counselling
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge of health promotion and counselling practices and strategies.
061309 Community Health
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand mental health and mental health support, preventive medicine, primary health care, community child health, public health and health services.
061311 Epidemiology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand epidemiology, the science of the spread of disease in populations. Principal subjects may include statistics, disease spreading mechanisms, immunology and immunisation.
061399 Public Health not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand public health issues not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0613 Public Health.
0615 Radiography
061501 Medical Imaging Technology (Radiography) and Radiation Therapy
Courses that prepare individuals to register and work as medical radiation technologists (diagnostic radiographers) or (under the supervision of radiologists) to use roentgen rays and radioactive substances for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, to develop images, to administer radioactive isotopes and to measure glandular and other bodily activity in therapeutic, diagnostic and tracer studies, using a variety of equipment. Principal subject matter includes anatomy and physiology, pathology and applied imaging, image recording physics, radiation protection, radiation techniques, clinical practice and supervision, patient care, applied psychology, computed tomography, mammography, ultrasound.
0617 Rehabilitation Therapies
061701 Physiotherapy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to become proficient in techniques for assessing and treating people who have been affected by injury, disability or disease and to practise as registered physiotherapists. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: physiotherapy, health psychology, electrotherapy.
061703 Occupational Therapy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to register and practise as registered occupational therapists; to practise and use the principles and techniques of providing therapy that offers mental diversion to the patient, exercising an affected part of the body, and giving vocational training that will enable patients to enter the workforce. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: theories and practice of occupational therapy, general science, physiology, biomechanics, neurophysiology, anatomy, psycho-social health studies, illness and wellness over the life span, occupational health and management, therapeutic skills, community education, creative life and recreational skills, assessment and evaluation techniques, therapeutic recreation.
061705 Chiropractic and Osteopathy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individual to practise as chiropractors or osteopaths.
061707 Speech Pathology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to practise as speech language therapists that is, to evaluate and treat adult and child speech and language disorders resulting from hearing disorders, neurological disturbances, defective articulation or foreign dialect.
061709 Audiology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to practise as audiologists, that is to plan, direct and conduct remedial programmes to restore or improve communication efficiency of individuals with hearing impairment. Principal subject matter may include audiometry, testing for hearing loss and fitting hearing aids.
061711 Massage Therapy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and practise muscular manipulation for therapeutic and rehabilitative purposes. Principal subjects include anatomy, physiology, massage procedures and techniques, and clinical training.
061713 Podiatry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to care for and treat disorders and diseases of the feet, so as to practise as podiatrists. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: biochemistry, podology, podiatric medicine, podiatric orthopaedics, human biology, bioscience.
061799 Rehabilitation Therapies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individual to understand and practise rehabilitation therapies not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0617Rehabilitation Therapies.
0619 Complementary Therapies
061901 Naturopathy and Homeopathy
061903 Acupuncture
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and become proficient in the techniques, practice and delivery of acupuncture.
061905 Traditional Chinese Medicine
061999 Complementary Therapies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and become proficient in aromatherapy, herbal treatments, iridology and other complementary therapies not classified elsewhere in Detailed Field 0619 Complementary Therapies.
0699 Other Health
069901 Nutrition and Dietetics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to use the physical and biological sciences as they relate to human needs for food and for practical solutions to the dietary needs of people. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: food science, biochemistry, psychology, food microbiology, nutrition, food analysis, food hygiene, health education, community dietetics, applied dietetics.
069903 Human Movement and Sports Science
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the principles of science to the study of human movement. Principal subject matter includes anatomy, exercise physiology, biomechanics, motor control.
069905 Paramedical Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and practise paramedicine, including out of hospital paramedical services and ambulance services.
069907 First Aid
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to treat casualties and provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation or other emergency care. Principal subject matter includes first aid treatment.
069999 Health not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand medical biotechnology, therapies and therapeutic technology, medical and health sciences not classified elsewhere in Broad Field 06 Health.
07 EDUCATION
0701 Teacher Education
070101 Teacher Education: Early Childhood (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare individuals in the theories, methods and techniques of developing, implementing and evaluating organised learning activities thus enabling them to gain registration as teachers and to teach in early childhood education centres. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: history, philosophy, psychology and sociology of education; theory and practice of early childhood teaching.
070103 Teacher Education: Primary (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare individuals in the theories, methods and techniques of developing, implementing and evaluating organised learning activities thus enabling them to gain registration as teachers and to teach in schools at the primary schooling level. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: history, philosophy, psychology and sociology of education; curriculum, theory and practice of primary school teaching.
070105 Teacher Education: Secondary (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare individuals in the theories, methods and techniques of developing, implementing and evaluating organised learning activities thus enabling them to gain registration as teachers and to teach in schools at the secondary schooling level. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: history, philosophy, psychology and sociology of education; theory, curriculum and practice of secondary school teaching.
070106 Teacher Education: Tertiary
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the theories, methods and techniques of developing, implementing and evaluating organised learning activities at tertiary level. Principal subject matter includes theory and practice of tertiary teaching, tertiary learning, tertiary curriculum, assessment and evaluation in tertiary education.
070108 Teacher Education: General (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare individuals in the theories, methods and techniques of developing, implementing and evaluating organised learning activities thus enabling them to gain registration as teachers and to teach in schools at the pre-primary, primary and secondary schooling level. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: history, philosophy, psychology and sociology of education, theory and practice of teaching.
070113 Teacher Education: Special Education
Courses that prepare individuals in the theories, methods and techniques of developing, implementing and evaluating organised learning activities thus enabling them to gain registration as teachers and to teach students whose physical, emotional, mental or social needs require a special curriculum and/or educational setting. Principal subject matter: theory and practice of teaching students requiring special curriculum and/or educational setting, professional practice in special education, vision/hearing impairment in special education, conductive education, assessment and programming in special education, behaviour assessment and intervention in special education, physical needs in special education.
070115 English Language Teaching(ESOL/EFL)
070116 Te Matauranga Māori me te Whakangungu (Māori Education)
Courses that prepare individuals in the theories, methods and techniques of developing, implementing and evaluating organised learning activities in a Maori context, including demonstrating knowledge of Maori methods of curriculum, teaching, learning and assessment.
070118 Bilingual Early Childhood Teacher Training (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to teach children in bilingual early childhood education settings, where the languages of instruction and learning are both Māori and English.
070120 Immersion Early Childhood Teacher Training (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to teach children in immersion early childhood education settings, where the language of instruction and learning is Māori only.
070122 Bilingual Primary Teacher Training (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to teach primary school children in bilingual education settings, where the languages of instruction and learning are both Māori and English.
070124 Immersion Primary Teacher Training (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to teach primary school children in immersion education settings, where the language of instruction and learning is Māori only.
070126 Bilingual Secondary Teacher Training (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to teach secondary school children in bilingual education settings, where the languages of instruction and learning are both Māori and English.
070128 Immersion Secondary Teacher Training (Pre-Service)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to teach secondary school children in immersion education settings, where the language of instruction and learning is Māori only.
070130 Teacher Professional Development
Courses that provide professional development and advanced studies for teachers (AST).
070199 Teacher Education not elsewhere classified
0703 Curriculum and Education Studies
070301 Curriculum Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand curriculum studies in English, mathematics, science, economics, commerce, management and services, education, history, geography, other social sciences, humanities and arts education, technology, physical education, other subject areas and curriculum theory and development.
070303 Education Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand educational psychology, history and philosophy of education, sociology of education, educational policy, administration and management, educational counselling, comparative education, educational technology and media, assessment and evaluation, and special education.
0799 Other Education
079999 Education not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand other education studies, including driving instructor training, teacher assisting, not classified elsewhere in Broad Field 07 Education.
08 MANAGEMENT AND COMMERCE
0801 Accountancy
080101 Accounting
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the principles, procedures and theories of organising, maintaining and auditing records of business and financial transactions. Principal subject matter includes financial accounting, management accounting, auditing and accountability, and international accounting.
080199 Accountancy not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand accounting, bookkeeping and taxation practices not elsewhere classified.
0803 Business and Management
080301 Business Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals for planning, organising and controlling an organisation including business and human aspects. Principal subject matter includes various theories of management, the knowledge and understanding necessary for managing people and functions, decision making, quality management, international business, business management in a Maori context, business relationships, small business management, organisational direction and strategy, organisational behaviour, operations management, quantitative methods, and systems and resources.
080303 Human Resource Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the methods, principles, procedures and understandings necessary to manage and administer programmes designed to assess and meet training and career development needs, or which are directed to the welfare and working conditions of employees in a business or other organisation. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: labour relations, hiring practices, employment contracts, management of staff induction, development and training programmes, labour law, wage determination, and employee welfare schemes.
080305 Personal Management Training
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the study of self-management techniques. Principal subject matter includes: building successful relationships with others, personal creativity, personal effectiveness, personal motivation, self-esteem, stress management, time management.
080307 Organisation Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the study of organisational structure and change. They include topics with a main focus on organisational context of human resource management, organisational change and leadership, organisational politics and culture, change management.
080309 Industrial Relations
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the history and development of the labour market, including the analysis and interpretation of legislation, union contracts, labour negotiations, conciliation, arbitration and grievance procedures. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: labour relations, collective bargaining, labour law, wage determination, hiring practices, legislation, employee welfare schemes, conciliation and arbitration, and grievance procedures.
080311 International Business
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand international trade, import and export processes and regulations, customs procedures and regulations. Principal subject matter usually includes international trade, multinational trade, commercial law, customs practice.
080312 Education Administration
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the administration and operation of educational organisations. Principal subject matter includes educational policy analysis and development, education legislation, strategic planning, implementation techniques, budgetary processes, inter-governmental policy and relations, student services.
080313 Public and Health Care Administration
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to utilise knowledge, skills, values and behaviours in formulating public policies and managing public facilities and services and health care facilities and services. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: central government, local government, legislative procedures, budgetary processes, and inter-governmental policy and relations.
080315 Project Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in project management. Principal subject matter usually includes project life cycle, project planning, design management, project management and quality systems.
080317 Quality Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to initiate and implement up-to-date quality assurance and quality control techniques and procedures to international standards of best practice. Principal subject matter usually includes evaluation of organisation performance, benchmarking, quality assurance, continuous improvement, quality control.
080319 Hospitality Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the operation and function of hospitality organisations such as hotels and motels. Principal subject matter usually includes equipment and facilities planning, food and beverage studies, strategic planning in hospitality, hospitality purchasing, rooms division management.
080320 Racing and Gaming Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the economic and business principles involved in the organisation, operation and management of race-clubs, race-tracks and stables.
080321 Farm Management and Agribusiness
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the economic and business principles involved in the organisation, operation and management of farm and agricultural businesses. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: principles of agricultural economics, marketing of agricultural products, farming systems, farm management and organisation, agribusiness law and agribusiness finance, stock and station management, farm management, viticultural farm management, livestock business, wool brokerage, agronomy, farm accounting, farm budgeting, farm taxation, resource planning and management.
080323 Tourism Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to plan and manage the activities of tourism focused enterprises. Principal subject matter usually includes cultural and social aspects of tourism management, tourist behaviour, tourism planning and development.
080399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply business and management not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0803 Business and Management. Includes emergency management.
0805 Sales and Marketing
080501 Sales
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to buy and sell industrial and consumer goods and services within wholesale and retail organisations. Principal subject matter includes wholesale and retail, distribution, merchandising, sales organisation and management, selling skills, and sales promotion.
080503 Real Estate
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to operate effectively as real estate agents by facilitating and transacting transfers of ownership, or the leasing of, land, residential and non-residential buildings and other commercial properties, including the appraisal of property values, property management, techniques of buying, selling, renting and leasing, real estate management, real estate practice and law.
080505 Marketing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to market industrial and consumer goods. Principal subject matter includes market research, consumer surveying, analysing domestic and international market trends, statistical analysis, competition analysis, product development.
080507 Advertising
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and work in advertising. Principal subject matter includes advertising media, advertising regulations, ethical and operational principles, sales promotion.
080509 Public Relations
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to create and maintain the relationship between an organisation and the public. Principal subject matter usually includes financial public relations, media relations, communication to the public, international public relations, campaign planning.
080599 Sales and Marketing not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply sales and marketing not elsewhere classified in Narrow Field 0805 Sales and Marketing.
0807 Tourism
080701 Tourism Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the structure and perform the operations of the tourism industry, tour guiding and ticketing and reservations practices. Principal subject matter usually includes accommodation and travel reservations, ecotourism, fares and ticketing, tourist attractions and itinerary preparation, travel agency procedures, charter tours.
0809 Office Administration
080901 General Office Administration
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to carry out administrative and general office duties in a support capacity, including scheduling appointments, office reception services, providing information to callers, operating copying and telecommunications equipment, maintaining financial records and inventory systems, filing and other administrative tasks. Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand record management, office administration systems and functions, including office systems in a Maori context.
080904 Text and Information Processing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to undertake word processing, data entry, text processing and shorthand, transcription from notes or audio sources and desktop publishing. Includes introduction to the web and the use of office computer applications and software packages for word processing, spreadsheeting, email, and presentations.
080999 Office Administration not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individual to understand and apply the delivery of office services not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0809 Office Studies.
0811 Banking, Finance and Related Fields
081101 Banking and Finance
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to undertake the financial management of industrial and commercial enterprises, of commercial, savings, and mortgage banking, and of investment analysis and portfolio selection, foreign exchange and currency management.
081103 Insurance and Actuarial Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand insurance and actuarial services including planning services in relation to life, disability, property, liability and other risk theory, new business, claims, re-insurance and superannuation. Principal subject matter includes statistical and mathematical principles, the operation and management of insurance organisations, developing appropriate insurance packages for clients, processing claims and verifying records.
081105 Investment and Securities
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to direct, plan and provide investment and securities services. Principal subjects may include developing appropriate investment strategies for different types of investors.
081199 Banking, Finance and Related Fields not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand banking, finance, and related fields not elsewhere classified in Narrow Field 0811 Banking, Finance and Related Fields.
0899 Other Management and Commerce
089901 Purchasing, Warehousing and Distribution
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and undertake activities associated with the housing and distribution of merchandise products, including warehouse layout, storekeeping and warehousing.
089903 Valuation
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to value land, buildings, businesses, properties, machinery, art and personal items based on the current market situation. Principal subjects may include valuation for rating and taxing, specialist valuation, plant and equipment valuation.
089905 e-Commerce
Courses that aim to develop an understanding of e-commerce, also known as electronic commerce, including the use of computers to conduct business over the internet, aspects of the future of business, such as the impact of e-commerce on traditional management systems, business-to-business and business-to-consumer transaction relationships, electronic money and online payment systems, and the legal implications of the newest business methods in the world.
089999 Management and Commerce not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand management and commerce studies not elsewhere classified in Broad Field 08 Management and Commerce.
09 SOCIETY AND CULTURE
0901 Political Science and Policy Studies
090101 Political Science
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the detailing and analysis of political institutions and processes, including their origin, development, geographical units, forms, sources of authority, powers, purposes, functions and operations. Principal subject matter includes some of the following: national government institutions, government and politics, comparative government and politics, political theory and political philosophy, and international relations.
090103 Policy Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and critically analyse public policy issues, research, science and technology policy, and defence studies.
0903 Studies in Human Society
090301 Sociology
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of human society, social institutions and social relationships, including the development, purposes, structures and functions of human groups. Principal subject matter includes social theory, social policy and planning, race and ethnic relations, urban and rural sociology and community studies, applied sociology, programme evaluation and social impact assessment, sociological methodology and research methods, social change, and economic sociology.
090303 Anthropology
Courses that aim to develop an understanding of humanity, of the diverse social and cultural practices that enable human beings to live in and act on the world, and of the commonalities across diverse societies. Principal subject matter includes human social life and culture, social organisation, cultural understanding, economics, religion, healing systems, material culture, symbolic expression, communication, relations with the environment, kinship, and the physical or biological aspects of being human, especially how humans evolved.
090305 History
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the past, including recording, gathering, criticising, synthesising and interpreting evidence about past events. Principal subject matter includes some of the following: political, diplomatic, economic, social and cultural development of an area or country, world history, history of science, history of technology including New Zealand history, European history, American history, African history, Asian history.
090306 Art History
Courses that prepare and develop further the abilities of individuals to interpret and critically evaluate art in a historical context.
090307 Archaeology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand historic and prehistoric peoples and their cultures through the excavation of sites, the scientific analysis of artefacts, inscriptions, monuments and other remains. Principal subject matter usually includes hunter-gatherer societies (including Pleistocene archaeology), archaeology of agricultural and pastoral societies, archaeology of complex societies, historical archaeology (including industrial archaeology), maritime archaeology, archaeological science.
090308 Classics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the civilisations of Greece and Rome through an analysis of their artefacts, inscriptions, monuments, literature, historiography, philosophy, mythology and religion.
090309 Human Geography
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand urban and regional studies, social and cultural geography, Maori geography, and human geography not classified elsewhere.
090314 Tikanga – Maori Customs
Courses that prepare or develop further individuals' knowledge of customs in Maori society including understanding of nga atua and concepts, issues and practices of tikanga and the environment in which they operate.
090316 Women's Studies
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the history, society, politics, culture and economics of women. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: history of women in society, women in politics, women and culture, women and work, sociology, women and health, women and education, women and justice.
090399 Studies in Human Society not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand studies in human society not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0903 Society and Culture.
0905 Human Welfare Studies and Services
090501 Social Work
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the knowledge, skills and competence to enable them to operate as professional social workers. Principal subject matter normally includes clinical social work practice, social programme evaluation, social policy.
090502 Children's Services
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals with the knowledge, competence and skills to enable them to operate as social service workers with special reference to the care of children.
090503 Nannying and Early Childhood Care
Courses that prepare individuals to operate as nannies or assistants in early childhood centres and in private homes. Principal subject matter includes child and infant care and development.
090505 Youth Work
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals with the knowledge, competence and skills to enable them to operate as social service workers with special reference to the development and care of youths. Principal subject matter includes homeless youth, working with adolescents, youth work.
090507 Support for the Older Person
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals with the knowledge, competence and skill for the professional care and support of older people.
090509 Care for People with Disabilities
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to support the empowerment and care of people with disabilities. Principal subjects may include practical and professional skills for disability support services, resources and communication for support of people with disabilities.
090511 Community Client Care
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to provide care for people living in the community or in residential care institutions. Principal subject matter includes residential and community services theory, principles and practices of service provision.
090513 Counselling
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to help and advise individuals and groups facing social and personal problems. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: social psychology, counselling theory, human development, communication, cultural studies, organisational behaviour.
090515 Welfare Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to provide personal services to individuals or family groups who are socially disadvantaged or otherwise in need. They include topics with the main focus on community and welfare studies, human service work, social service assistance, community services, community resource identification and use.
090599 Human Welfare Studies and Services not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand family whanau care, residential client care, health and community services and other human welfare studies and services not elsewhere classified in Narrow Field 0905 Human Welfare Studies and Services.
0907 Behavioural Science
090701 Psychology
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the theories and principles relevant to the nature, functions and phenomena of the human mind and their relationship to the behaviour and experiences of people, individually or in social contexts. It includes the study of animal behaviour. Principal subject matter content usually includes sensory processes, perception and performance, learning, memory, cognition and language, biological psychology (neuropsychology, psychopharmacology, physiological psychology), personality, abilities and assessment, social and community psychology, developmental psychology and ageing, health, clinical and counselling psychology, industrial and organisational psychology, psychological methodology, design and analysis, philosophy of cognition, linguistic processes (incl. speech production and comprehension), computer perception, memory and attention, neurocognitive patterns and neural networks, knowledge representation and machine learning, planning and problem solving, sport and exercise psychology.
090799 Behavioural Science not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand other behavioural and cognitive sciences not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0907 Behavioural Science.
0909 Law
090901 Business and Commercial Law
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the principles of laws and regulations emanating from government as they relate to business and commercial practices. They include topics with the main focus on learning and understanding the laws for business and commercial practices.
090903 Constitutional Law
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the principles of laws and regulations emanating from government as they relate to the constitution and constitutional law and the power of government. They include topics with the main focus on learning and understanding the law for constitutional purposes.
090905 Criminal Law
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the principles and practice of criminal law. Principal subject matter includes topics with a focus on learning and understanding the laws in relation to the investigation and prosecution of criminal offences.
090907 Family Law
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the principles of laws and regulations emanating from government as they relate to family life. They include topics with the main focus on learning and understanding the law in relation to the family.
090909 International Law
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the principles of laws and regulations emanating from governments in other countries and their relationship to New Zealand law. They include topics with the main focus on learning and understanding the laws of other countries and those pertaining to multi-national organisations.
090911 Taxation Law
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the principles of laws and regulations related to government collection of revenue from corporate and individual taxpayers. They include topics with the main focus on learning and understanding the New Zealand tax system, mechanisms by which revenue is collected from citizens and institutions, regulations of income tax, and tax policy framework.
090913 Legal Practice
Courses that prepare individuals with legal qualifications in the methods and principles involved in advising clients on matters relating to law. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: rules and etiquette of professional practice, office management and procedures, office accounting, professional conduct.
090999 Law not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand legal practice, adjudication, legal education, professional ethics, professional development of law practitioners not classified elsewhere, history and philosophy of law and justice, law, justice and law enforcement not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0909 Law.
0911 Justice and Law Enforcement
091101 Justice Administration
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the theories and practices of the administration of justice. They include topics with the main focus on criminal justice, administrative law, confessional evidence.
091103 Legal Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to assist professional lawyers or to work in government institutions dealing with the law, including basic principles of law, legal documentation, legal-library operations and utilisation, civil and criminal law, legal records, courts, legal procedures and including legal executive courses.
091105 Police Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and practise the maintenance of law and order, crime detection and prevention. They include topics with the main focus on correctional studies, police administration, police investigation techniques, police regulations, police supervision techniques.
091199 Justice and Law Enforcement not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand justice and law enforcement not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0911 Justice and Law Enforcement.
0913 Librarianship, Information Management and Curatorial Studies
091301 Librarianship and Information Management
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to identify, collect and maintain current and historical publications and other records, including books, documents, files, manuscripts, machine-readable databases, filmed and recorded materials, specimens and artefacts, and to facilitate their use. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: reference, classification and cataloguing, the development and use of thesauri, administration, technical services, bibliography, information systems, materials conservation, and the theories and practices of museum and archival studies.
091303 Curatorial Studies
Courses that prepare of develop further the abilities of individuals to locate, identify and assess cultural heritage resources. They include topics with the main focus on conservation of objects, analysis of cultural materials, exhibition planning, museography, museology.
0915 Language and Literature
091501 English Language
091502 Te Reo Māori
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and demonstrate knowledge of te reo Māori. Principal subject areas include korero, panui, tuhituhi and whakarongo.
091504 Foreign Languages
091506 English for Speakers of Other Languages
091519 Translating and Interpreting
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to translate and interpret languages.
091521 Linguistics
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the descriptive, historical and theoretical aspects of language, its nature, structure, varieties, and development, including sound systems (phonology), grammatical systems (morphology, syntax), lexical systems (vocabulary, semology), systems of meaning, discourse and the application of linguistics to language related problems (applied linguistics). Principal subject matter includes applied linguistics and educational linguistics, computational linguistics, discourse and pragmatics, laboratory phonetics and speech science, language in culture and society (sociolinguistics), language in time and space (incl. historical linguistics, dialectology), linguistic structures (incl. grammar, phonology, lexicon, semantics), lexicography, linguistics not classified elsewhere.
091523 Literature
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding and appreciation of the qualities, forms, skills and techniques of writing, that develop analytical reading skills and that familiarise individuals with the works of English and other literature. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: biography, myths and legends, drama, literary criticism, satire, poetry, prose, fiction, comparative literature, sociology of literature, and literary traditions.
091599 Language and Literature not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand language and literature not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 0915 Language and Literature.
0917 Philosophy and Religious Studies
091701 Philosophy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to critically examine the categories for describing reality, the nature and context of human experience, the methodology of rational inquiry and criteria of practice, and the basic truths and principles of being, knowledge and conduct. Principal subject includes aesthetics, epistemology, ethical theory, applied ethics (including bioethics and environmental ethics), history of philosophy and history of ideas, logic, metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind (excluding cognition), social philosophy, phenomenology, hermeneutic theory, comparative philosophy, philosophy of action, philosophy of specific cultures (for example ancient Greek, Chinese), human bioethics.
091703 Religious Studies
Courses that provide or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the world's religions, including religious institutions. Principal subject matter may include Christian studies (including biblical studies and church history), Jewish studies, Hindu studies, Buddhist studies, Islamic studies, studies in other religious beliefs and traditions, comparative religion, religion and society, psychology of religion, philosophy of religion, ethics of religion, theology, religious leadership, religious teaching.
0919 Economics and Econometrics
091901 Economics
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the production, consumption and transfer of wealth. Principal subject matter includes microeconomic theory, macroeconomic theory, mathematical economics, environment and resource economics, finance, economics, health economics, industry economics and industrial organisation, international economics and international finance, labour economics, macroeconomics (including monetary and fiscal theory), public sector economics, welfare economics, transport economics, economic geography, economic development and growth, urban and regional economics, political economy, and comparative economic systems.
091903 Econometrics
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply mathematical and statistical techniques in solving economic problems and in testing and demonstrating theories in economics. Principal subject matter usually includes economic models and forecasting, econometric and statistical methods, time-series analysis, cross-sectional analysis, and panel data analysis.
0921 Sport and Recreation
092101 Sport and Recreation Activities
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply the principles and procedures of providing recreational and leisure opportunities and facilities. Principal subject matter content usually includes some of the following: leisure and recreation, recreational theories, recreation leadership, recreational programs, recreation for populations, organisation and methods of recreation, work and leisure, programme and events management, recreation facilities and resource design and management.
092103 Sports Coaching, Playing, Officiating and Instructing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge and methods required to coach, play or instruct in gymnastics, self-defence, tennis, swimming and water safety including surf lifesaving, fishing, hunting and shooting, equestrian sports, cricket, football, golf, diving, skiing, canoeing and other sports.
092199 Sport and Recreation not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand recreation and leisure studies, and sports playing and coaching not elsewhere classified in Narrow Field 0921 Sport and Recreation.
0999 Other Society and Culture
099901 Community, Whanau, Family and Consumer Studies
099902 Cultural Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand cultural policy studies, cultural theory, culture, gender, sexuality, screen and media culture, Indigenous studies, postcolonial and global cultural studies, consumption and everyday life, bicultural, multicultural, intercultural and cross-cultural studies, cultural studies not classified elsewhere.
099903 Criminology
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals with an understanding of the causes of crime, including crime statistics, theories and methods of punishment, the role of law enforcement in society as an agent for the prevention and treatment of crime, correctional theory and service, penology.
099905 Security Services
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge and skills required to provided security and investigative services, including non-specialist security functions, security management and security staff services.
099999 Society and Culture not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand society and culture not classified elsewhere in Broad Field 09 Society and Culture.
10 CREATIVE ARTS
1001 Performing Arts
100101 Music
Courses that develop, or further the abilities of individuals to apply principles, forms and techniques to the creation and arrangement of tonal combinations and sequences in harmonic, rhythmic or melodic forms which are artistically expressive and/or to perform on musical instruments, or voice and vocal performance, either solo or in ensemble. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: music history, harmony, counterpoint, aural theory, orchestration, arranging, composition.
100103 Drama and Theatre Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to create and present live performances through the theories and development of human expressive modalities. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: acting, voice and diction, stagecraft, mime, oral interpretation, rehearsal, production techniques, directing, playwriting, design, movement, improvisation.
100105 Dance
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the performance and choreography of various kinds of dance, including classical ballet, modern dance, jazz, ethnic and folk dance. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: dance technique, choreography, arts, anatomy and biomechanics in dance practice, music in dance, dance criticism, performance and production, dance notation.
100106 Nga Mahi a Rehia (Māori Performing Arts)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to create, perform and teach haka, haka wahine, poi, waiata, waiata a ringa, whakaraka other Māori performing arts.
100199 Performing Arts not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand performing arts not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 1001 Performing Arts.
1003 Visual Arts and Crafts
100301 Fine Arts
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to organise materials and media to create two-and three-dimensional visual effects that communicate ideas and express emotion and are considered primarily in relation to aesthetic criteria of judgements of beauty and meaning. Principal subject matter usually includes some of the following: art, drawing, design, theory of colour, calligraphy, silk-screen printing, lithography, etching, painting, sculpture, visual and spatial relationships, textiles, basic form and design.
100303 Photography
100305 Crafts
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals by increasing understanding and natural skills to fashion objects, from clay, fibrous materials, metals, wood, plastics, gemstones, glass and other materials, for personal adornment or other decorative, ornamental or functional purposes. Principal subject matter includes crafts, ornaments, fabrics, fibre, textiles, metal work, ceramics and pottery, enamelling, lapidary, spinning and weaving, glasswork and leadlighting, canework, soft toy making, paper decoupage, knitting and crochet, wood crafts, floral art, macramé, sewing and embroidery, dyes and dyeing, leatherwork.
100306 Mana Whakairo (Māori Carving)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and demonstrate cultural awareness in whakairo, and to further their knowledge of and apply the design techniques and principles in the creation and maintenance and management of two and three dimensional Māori design.
100307 Jewellery Making
100309 Floristry
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to design, construct and display floral arrangements. They include topics with a main focus on cut flower presentation, floristry shop procedures, floristry plant materials, floristry equipment, floristry design.
100399 Visual Arts and Crafts not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand visual arts and crafts not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 1003 Visual Arts and Crafts.
1005 Graphic and Design Studies
100501 Graphic Arts and Design Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply theories, techniques and creative processes to effectively communicate ideas, feelings and information through the use of media to create two or three-dimensional visual effects. Principal subject matter includes some of the following: design techniques, visualisation, design theory, design innovation, design studio practice, design management and professional practice, design studies, design development, three-dimensional design, photography, film, animation, ergonomics, production techniques, aesthetics. graphic communication, product design, spatial design, printmaking, and computer-based graphic art and graphic arts CAD.
100503 Textile Design
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply theories, techniques and creative processes to the design of textiles and the production of sample textiles including textile CAD.
100505 Fashion Design
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to apply theories, techniques and creative processes to the design of clothing and the production of sample garments and wearable arts.
100506 Nga Mahi a te Whare Pora (Māori Weaving)
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge in nga mahi a te whare pora. Subject area includes defining, identifying and preparing materials and tools, creating kete, raranga, taniko, korowai, kakahu and whariki.
100599 Graphic and Design Studies not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge of graphic and design studies not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 1005 Graphic and Design Studies.
1007 Communication and Media Studies
100701 Audio Visual Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and perform radio, film, video and electronic production operations including cameras, lighting, and sound; production management; radio and television production and post production, production design and technical management.
100703 Journalism, Communication and Media Studies
Courses that provide, or develop further the abilities of individuals to research current affairs and events, and other matters of interest, and to report them. Principal subject matter includes print, radio and television journalism, researching, interviewing, recording, writing and editing news stories, newspaper layout, media law and ethics, communication and media studies.
100705 Written Communication
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in effective written communication skills. Principal subject matter includes technical writing, story writing, letter writing, poetry writing, creative writing and script writing.
100707 Verbal Communication
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in effective verbal communication skills. Principal subject matter includes debating and public speaking.
100709 Multimedia Studies
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand multimedia development and production. Principal subject matter includes studying and creating digital media based productions such as websites, online flash video, interactive publications, online marketing tools and interactive emails.
Exclusions: Courses in Multimedia Computing Science are in Detailed Field 020115.
100799 Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified
Courses that provide or develop further the abilities of individuals with in communication and media studies not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 1007 Communication and Media Studies.
1099 Other Creative Arts
109999 Creative Arts not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge in the creative arts not classified elsewhere in Broad Field 10 Creative Arts.
11 FOOD, HOSPITALITY AND PERSONAL SERVICES
1101 Food and Hospitality
110101 Hospitality
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to provided reception, accommodation, entertainment, food, beverage and related services in hotels, clubs, restaurants and similar enterprises. Principal subjects include organising and supervising food and beverage services, organising and supervising housekeeping services, stock control and costing, customer services.
110103 Food and Beverage Service
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to serve and present food and beverages in hotels, bars, restaurants and similar enterprises. Principal subjects include beverage and food service, wine and food knowledge, cellar operations, mixing and serving drinks, taking orders and serving meals, silver service and table setting.
110105 Butchery
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to process and manufacture meat. Principal subject matter includes slaughtering livestock, cutting and sawing carcasses into manageable proportions, cutting and trimming standard cuts of meat and removing bones using hand tools and power equipment, seasoning, pickling and curing meats, shaping and tying roasts and poultry, operating meat cubing machines, mincers, grinders, mixers, patty-forming and sausage-forming, machinery.
110107 Baking and Pastry Making
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to make bread, pastry and cakes and to decorate them.
110109 Cookery
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the techniques and methods of preparing food, including the development of recipes. Principal subject matter includes preparing and cooking meats, fish, vegetables and other foods using a variety of methods, seasoning foods during cooking, portioning foods, adding sauces, gravies and garnishes in an attractive manner, planning menus on the basis of available ingredients.
110111 Food Hygiene
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand the laws, regulations and principles of food hygiene. Principal subject matter includes premises inspection, food safety procedures, hygienic food handling procedures.
110199 Food and Hospitality not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and perform other food and hospitality services not elsewhere classified in Narrow Field 1101 Food and Hospitality.
1103 Personal Services
110301 Beauty Therapy
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge and skills required to perform beauty therapy, including the use of electrical and heat treatments. Principal subject matter includes facials, hair removal, skin treatment, manicure and pedicure, electrolysis and ear-piercing.
110303 Hairdressing
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply the knowledge and skill required to perform hairdressing and barbering. Principal subject matter includes classic cutting, fashion cutting, colouring, and perming.
110399 Personal Services not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals to understand and apply knowledge and skills required to provide personal services not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 1103 Personal Services.
12 MIXED FIELD PROGRAMMES
1201 General Education Programmes
120101 General Primary and Secondary Education
Courses that prepare individuals in school educational programmes. They include reading and writing, basic mathematics skills, an elementary understanding of subjects such as history, geography, natural science, social science, art and music.
120103 Literacy and Numeracy Programmes
Courses that prepare individuals in the study of basic reading, writing, numeracy and maths skills, including help with spelling.
120105 Learning Skills Programmes
Courses that prepare individuals in the development of skills, such as research and analysis skills, for study projects.
120199 General Education Programmes not elsewhere classified
1203 Social Skills Programmes
120301 Social and Interpersonal Skills Programmes
Courses that enhance the abilities of individuals to operate successfully in social interactions. Principal subject areas are likely to include anger management, general legal, social and political rights and responsibilities, knowledge of concepts and sources of negotiation, advocacy and support services, sexuality education, personal management and awareness of drugs and alcohol, understanding of heritage, family/whanau interactions, personal stress and time management, perceptual awareness, social and co-operative skills, self-management, personal care skills.
120303 Life Skills
Courses that enhance the abilities of individuals to maintain personal and financial health and well-being. Principal subject areas that may be covered include: legal, educational, health, social, advisory services and rights, basic problem solving techniques, knowledge of accommodation options and obligations, management of personal health and safety, personal budget, banking, insurance and finance management.
120304 Family/Whanau Education
Courses that enhance the abilities of individuals to operate effectively as parents and caregivers. Principal subject matter in such courses may include child development, knowledge of legal rights and responsibilities of care-givers, understanding of legal rights of children and minors, the New Zealand education system, rights, responsibilities and options in educating children, household budgeting and management, knowledge of parent and caregiver support networks and options.
120399 Social Skills Programmes not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in obtaining the skills required to function in a social and community context not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 1203 Social Skills Programmes.
1205 Employment Skills Programmes
120501 Career Development Programmes
Courses that assist individuals in planning appropriate mechanisms for developing employment options and advancements. Principal subject areas covered may include career planning, identification of training and employment options, career goals, job expectations, career investigation techniques, skills identification.
120503 Job Search Skills Programmes
Courses that enhance an individual's employment prospects by developing personal strategies for seeking and gaining employment. Principal subject matter may include curriculum vitae/ resume writing skills, job information sources and negotiation skills, job seeking techniques, job interview and application skills.
120505 Work Practices Programmes
Courses that enhance an individual's ability to function successfully in an employment position. Principal subject areas may include employment rights and responsibilities, workplace behaviour and protocols, time management, workplace language and communication, negotiation skills for employment contracts, union roles in workplace relationships.
120599 Employment Skills Programmes not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the skills required to obtain employment, and to further career and employment opportunities, not classified elsewhere in Narrow Field 1205 Employment Skills Programmes.
1299 Other Mixed Field Programmes
129999 Mixed Field Programmes not elsewhere classified
Courses that prepare or develop further the abilities of individuals in the study of all multiple field programmes not included elsewhere in Broad Field 12 Mixed Field Programmes.