Literacy and Life Skills for Māori Adults: Results from the Adult Literacy and Life Skills (ALL) Survey

Publication Details

The 2006 ALL survey measured skills in prose literacy, document literacy, numeracy and problem solving. The ALL survey included an oversample of Māori adults. This design feature has allowed meaningful analyses of the distribution of literacy and numeracy skills among the adult Māori population of New Zealand.

Author(s): Paul Satherley and Elliot Lawes [Research Division, Ministry of Education]

Date Published: August 2009

6. Income source

Māori adults whose self-reported income source in the year before interview was either:

Wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses
self-employment or business you own and work in
Interest dividends, rent, other investments

are reported here under the heading “wages”.

Māori adults whose self-reported income source was any of:

Regular payments from ACC or a private work accident insurer
New Zealand Superannuation or Veterans pension
Other superannuation, pensions, annuities
Unemployment benefit
Sickness benefit
Domestic purposes benefit
Invalids benefit
Student allowance
Other government benefits

are reported here under the heading “benefits”.

Māori adults whose self-reported income source was both “wage” and “benefits” are reported here as “wages and benefits”.

Around 7% of all Māori respondents reported other or no sources of income. They are not included in these analyses.

Māori adults whose income included “wages” as defined above had higher skills, on average, than those whose income was only “benefits” (where comparison is possible).

Figure 6.1: Distribution of income source, ALL only

Figure 6.1: Distribution of income source, ALL only